Given 11 novel items (bodies and scenarios not used in teaching), the learner classifies each as STAR or NOT A STAR on first attempt and produces the source-vs-reflector or distance-vs-appearance justification when prompted. The learner demonstrates the C2 endpoint capability: (1) classify Sun as star without hesitation; (2) classify Moon, Jupiter, Venus, Earth, Mars as not-a-star; (3) classify novel stars (Vega, Antares, Proxima Centauri across novel framings) as star regardless of color/size/distance; (4) state the source-vs-reflector rule and distance-vs-appearance rule when asked.